Impact of Climate Change on Mangroves: Challenges and Solutions
Banjarmasin – Prof. Dr. H. Kissinger, S.Hut., M.Sc., Dean of the Faculty of Forestry, Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM), explained the importance of mangrove ecosystems for coastal environments. Mangroves function as natural protection against coastal abrasion and erosion, and absorb the impact of ocean waves during extreme weather. In addition, mangroves also store large carbon reserves, help stabilize ecosystems, and provide habitat for various species of flora and fauna. Mangroves also play a role in improving water quality by filtering pollutants such as nitrates and phosphates.
Prof. Kissinger added that the ecological function of mangroves is different from terrestrial forests in several aspects. Mangroves have dense roots that help bind and build soil density, as well as slow the flow of seawater and encourage sediment deposits that reduce coastal erosion. Terrestrial forests, on the other hand, focus more on providing habitat for various terrestrial species and helping in the water and nutrient cycles on land. Mangroves also have the unique ability to filter pollutants from water, which is not possessed by terrestrial forests.
Mangroves play an important role in supporting scientific research at Lambung Mangkurat University (ULM). ULM has managed 600 hectares of mangrove land in Kotabaru for research and community service. Research at ULM includes the diversity of mangrove vegetation and the development of teaching materials for Wetland Ecology courses. This research helps improve understanding of mangrove ecosystems and supports wetland conservation and rehabilitation efforts.
An effective mangrove conservation strategy in Indonesia involves several important steps. First, a moratorium is needed on converting mangroves for other uses, such as ponds or plantations1. Second, replanting mangroves on damaged or degraded land must be carried out sustainably1. Third, mangrove management must involve local communities through education and training on the importance of mangroves. In addition, government policies that support mangrove conservation are also needed.
Climate change has a significant impact on mangrove ecosystems. Rising sea levels can submerge mangrove areas, reducing habitat and biodiversity. Changes in rainfall patterns can affect the salinity of the soil and water around mangroves, which impacts the health and growth of mangroves3. In addition, extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones and heat waves can damage the root structure of mangroves and cause deep soil erosion.
Local community participation is very important in mangrove conservation. Communities can be involved in various conservation activities, such as planting mangrove seedlings, monitoring illegal activities, and educating about the importance of mangroves. In addition, communities can also participate in decision-making related to mangrove management through deliberations and partnerships with the government and companies. By involving local communities, mangrove conservation can be carried out more effectively and sustainably.
